http://www.organovo.com/3d-human-tissues/3d-human-tissues-research/tissue-models/3d-human-liver-tissue-model
3D Human Liver Tissue Model
OVERVIEW
Liver cells, in particular the parenchymal hepatocytes, are widely used in the laboratory to assess the potential toxicity or efficacy of drugs. Hepatocytes inside the body have a nearly unlimited capacity for replication. When as much as two-thirds of a whole healthy liver is surgically removed, the hepatocytes within the liver remnant undergo rapid and extensive proliferation to restore liver mass completely.1, 2, 3
However, once removed from the body, hepatocytes replicate poorly and rapidly lose critical liver-specific functions. The liver is responsible for filtering the blood, metabolizing and transporting drugs, and producing a myriad of proteins that are critical to homeostasis (albumin, clotting factors, enzymes involved in protein metabolism). Many genetic disorders are linked to reduction or absence of proteins that would normally be produced by the liver. Furthermore, the liver is central to the pathogenesis of several infectious diseases, including hepatitis, and it can also be seriously and irreversibly injured by chronic exposure to alcohol.
Most liver functions are dependent, in part, on architecture. Hepatocytes inside the body are polarized along a border of endothelial cells, with formation of canaliculi along their apical surface and tight junctions between neighboring cells. Loss of polarization—as occurs when hepatocytes are cultured in simple monolayers on standard tissue culture-treated plastic—leads to loss of function and an inability of the hepatocyte to maintain the intracellular architecture that enables absorption, transport, and bile production. It is known from the literature that hepatocytes which are maintained in culture environments that support polarization and three-dimensionality retain critical functions for a longer period outside of the body.4
BIOPRINTED LIVER TISSUE MODEL
Organovo’s NovoGen Bioprinting™ platform was utilized to generate bioprinted liver tissue prototypes that contain both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in spatially controlled, user-defined geometries that reproduce compositional and architectural features of native tissue.
One advantage of our automated bioprinting platform is that it enables fabrication and comparative testing of multiple compositions and geometries so that winning combinations can be identified systematically based on histological and functional outcomes.
Cross-section of multi-cellular bioprinted human liver tissue, stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E).
Beginning with hepatocytes (the predominant parenchymal cells of the liver), designs were created based on shapes and cellular interfaces found in native liver tissue. Non-parenchymal cells, including endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells, were positioned in defined locations relative to hepatocytes, creating a compartmentalized architecture that was established at the time of fabrication and substantially maintained over time in culture.
This image is a cross-section of bioprinted human liver tissue demonstrating compartmentalization between the hepatocytes (shown as blue nuclei), endothelial cells (red), and hepatic stellate cells (green).
In addition to the cell type-specific compartmentalization, two histomorphological features can be appreciated in these bioprinted liver tissues: 1. The development of microvascular networks within the tissue; and 2. the formation of tight intercellular junctions among the hepatocytes.
The image above shows bioprinted human liver with CD31+ microvessels (green) forming within the tissue.
The image above shows formation of intercellular junctions between hepatocytes in bioprinted liver tissue, highlighted by E-Cadherin immunochemistry (green).
Importantly, these multi-cellular, 3D liver tissues possess critical attributes central to liver function, including production of liver-specific proteins such as albumin and transferrin, biosynthesis of cholesterol, and inducible cytochrome P450 activities, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Production of the liver-specific protein, albumin, was 5 to 9 times greater on a per-cell basis when compared to matched 2D controls. These functional data, combined with the unique histological features of the tissues, suggest they may be a compelling alternative to traditional 2D hepatocyte cultures for predictive studies, especially those involving longer-term tissue toxicity assessments or studies of disease development and progression where results need to be interpreted in the context of cell-cell interactions.
CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were measured with Pro-Glo ™ CYP450 assays (Promega), after induction with verapamil or dexamethasone, respectively. Measurements were taken at 135 hours after the 3D liver tissues were bioprinted, and reported as fold induction over matched, non-induced controls.
The overall goal of studies like these is to develop living, multi-cellular human tissues that can be maintained in the laboratory environment for extended periods of time and sampled serially for both functional and histological changes in response to injury, pathogens, or treatments.
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loooong 发表于 2013-11-17 00:19 static/image/common/back.gif
据金融时报报道，西门子公司将从2014年1月起开始采用3D打印技术制造燃气轮机的金属零部件，从而成为全球工业制造业第一个在金属零部件实际生产中应用3D技术的公司。此外，西门子还将通过3D打印技术加快修理时间并减少费用。据称，某些情况下通过3D技术可以把对涡轮燃烧器的修理时间从44周缩减为4周。另外，报道称美国通用航空公司将从2016年开始采用3D打印技术制造波音747和空客320所用发动机的燃料喷嘴。英国罗罗公司上月也宣布将采用3D打印技术制造喷气发动机的金属零部件。
http://stock.jrj.com.cn/2013/12/30104916415204.shtml
葡萄 发表于 2013-12-30 18:06 static/image/common/back.gif
据金融时报报道，西门子公司将从2014年1月起开始采用3D打印技术制造燃气轮机的金属零部件，从而成为全球 ...
我们国家应该跟的上吧 :(
谢谢！祝吉祥如意！
http://www.ted.com/talks/bastian_schaefer_a_3d_printed_jumbo_jet.html
空客的TED 其中提出了3D打印的飞机 这种飞机模仿了骨骼的结构 可由碳纳米管打印而成
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-coventry-warwickshire-25756358
英国投资3D
wtl 发表于 2014-1-6 20:46 static/image/common/back.gif
http://www.ted.com/talks/bastian_schaefer_a_3d_printed_jumbo_jet.html
空客的TED 其中提出了3D打印的 ...
中新网2月13日电：据中国 国防科技信息网报道，由美国德 克萨斯大学艾尔帕索分校(UTEP) 领导的大学和企业合作伙伴团队 已经启动了一项创建3D打印设备 自动化组装生产线的项目。这种 自动化组装生产线是为了制造可 在空间中使用的无人飞行器和卫 星。
本帖最后由 dada2020 于 2014-2-14 08:43 编辑
2月4日央视新闻频道《24小时》：瑞典3D打印髋骨移植让女孩摆脱轮椅。
2月13日《新闻联播》：我国骨盆骨折微创治疗达到国际领先：通过3D打印技术打印出患者的全仿真髋臼进行手术预演，南方医科大学第三附属医院成功对一名右髋骨骨折患者实施手术，手术精准度高、创面小，标志着我国在骨盆骨折微创治疗方面达到了国际领先水平。
葡萄 发表于 2013-3-5 13:43 static/image/common/back.gif
我贴一下我在西西河给一个回复他喷我帖子的人的回复。
今年年初看书的时候，看到一句话觉得很有道理。 ...
美国施乐宣布研究打印芯片材料，德国企业发布微型纳米级别3d打印机
原来还能搞MEMS。
http://finance.chinanews.com/it/2014/03-17/5956746.shtml
美媒：3D打印未来或将用于建造大型数据中心
中航3D打印航空零件试制再获突破 工作量降80%
http://www.chinanews.com/mil/2014/03-17/5958480.shtml
葡萄 发表于 2014-3-17 17:15 static/image/common/back.gif
中航3D打印航空零件试制再获突破 工作量降80%
http://www.chinanews.com/mil/2014/03-17/5958480.shtml
想起几年前葡萄就在说3d打印。佩服啊。葡萄。希望能常看到你的言论
守望大西瓜 发表于 2013-12-30 18:14 static/image/common/back.gif
我们国家应该跟的上吧
对此充满信心！我们国家这些年的发展不是白发展的！
葡萄 发表于 2013-3-3 12:27 static/image/common/back.gif
我骂的这个人在西西河id叫迷途笨狼。在他曾经在网络上公开问忙总要官并且同时还公开声称中国会乱，他要 ...
无意中看到这段话顿时笑喷了。老是看到迷途笨狼的帖子，看过次吧二次觉得说不出的味道就不看了。后来更是发现此人无所不知无所不评论，犹如诸葛再世，哎，真的很好气又好笑。本人打酱油路过。。。。。。。
frankhu2012 发表于 2014-4-7 22:31 static/image/common/back.gif
无意中看到这段话顿时笑喷了。老是看到迷途笨狼的帖子，看过次吧二次觉得说不出的味道就不看了。后来更是 ...
那啥和某几个ID在茶馆和CC都是经常发帖的，而且多为毫无实据的惊人话，忙总和那啥的对话不少的后来忙总劝过要多经历脚踏实地之后就不太理会那啥了，那啥说过的话很多网友看过的，茶馆搜搜忙总都可以看到。
葡萄说和平多一天都是好的，那啥就说热战，一面拼命追着葡萄帖子看积累资料，一面拼命说葡萄这不对那不对，自相矛盾的话也不是第一次见了
骨折不再打石膏，现在有 3D 打印骨骼矫正器
http://cdn.ifanr.cn/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1_meitu_4.jpg
伤筋动骨一百天，如果不小心骨折了，可能最遭罪的是要带上厚重的石膏生活几个月。未来可能不需要这样，土耳其学生 Deniz Karasahin 将 3D 打印与超声波技术结合发明了 Osteoid，Osteoid 可以代替石膏，用于骨折后的骨骼矫正和定型，并且能将恢复期缩短 40-80%。
http://www.ifanr.com/news/422754
3D打印技术的新进展
新技术将令3D打印技术提速 打印材料可大幅拓展。传统的3D打印技术都是逐层来构建对象的，一个物品往往需要数小时才能打印完成。采用CLIP技术的3D打印机，打印速度将是传统3D打印机的25至100倍。而且它还能使用合成树脂以及其他一些性质稳定的金属材料，从而大大提高所打印物品的坚固性。它还能打印出过去无法实现的几何形状，这将为医疗、汽车与航空等工业领域的创新提供机会。
葡萄 发表于 2013-5-28 01:37 static/image/common/back.gif
3D打印汽车面市 2015年有望实现量产
http://it.sohu.com/20130527/n377182322.shtml
中国首台3D打印"土豪金"概念汽车面世(图)
http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2015-03/25/c_127619893.htm
葡萄 发表于 2014-3-17 17:15 static/image/common/back.gif
中航3D打印航空零件试制再获突破 工作量降80%
http://www.chinanews.com/mil/2014/03-17/5958480.shtml
NASA开辟技术新天地 3D打印火箭发动机零件
日本寺庙流行供奉3D打印佛像 台媒:被偷怕...
中新网6月3日电 据日媒报道，日本文化厅近日表示，因该国各地相继发生佛像等被盗案件而实施的首次调查结果显示，从2007年度至2009年度，日本至少发生了105起相关盗窃案件。案发地多为人烟稀少、人口密度过低的地区。为此，供奉3D打印佛像成为一股新风潮。
http://news.sina.com.cn/s/p/2015-06-04/003431912436.shtml
新闻不少。不过没见哪有卖的.