喂,要太空望远镜吗?
本帖最后由 越山 于 2012-6-24 00:14 编辑【前言】综合外国媒体报道,在美国纽约州的一个废旧车间里,两台性能卓越的望远镜正等待着发挥用武之地。它们分别被命名为“NRO-1”和“NRO-2,均由美国国家侦查局(NRO)研制,其大小堪比哈勃空间望远镜。它们已经被赠送给美国航空航天局(NASA),不过NASA恐怕要等到2024年才能有足够的资金将它们发射升空。这两颗卫星是怎么多出来的呢?NASA会用来干嘛呢?本期《经济学人》会为您解答。
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喂,要太空望远镜吗?
America’s spies make a generous donation to NASA
美国间谍机构对NASA慷慨捐赠
Jun 9th 2012 | from the print edition
AMERICA’S civilian space programme is built atop its military one. Its rockets trace their ancestry, via ballistic missiles designed to carry nuclear warheads into the Soviet Union, to the German V2s that bombarded London and Antwerp during the second world war. And the Space Shuttle, which made its final flight last year, was used to launch satellites for the air force as well as carrying out its better-publicised scientific missions.
美国的民用空间计划建立在军用基础之上,比如运载火箭,由携带核弹头并瞄准前苏联的弹道导弹发展而来,再往前可以追溯到二战时用于轰炸伦敦和安特卫普的德国V2系列导弹;再比如去年退役的航天飞机,曾用来为空军发射卫星,当然用作执行科学任务的宣传工作做得也不差。
So when it was reported on June 4th that the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), one of the more secretive of America’s plethora of spy agencies, had decided to donate two surplus spy-satellite mirrors to NASA, the country’s civilian space agency, the news was less bizarre than it might at first have seemed. After all, NASA has benefited from spy technology before. The Hubble space telescope is essentially a redesigned spy satellite that points out into space instead of down at the Earth.
所以当6月4日有报道指出国家侦察局(NRO,美国众多情报机关中最神秘的机构之一)决定向NASA(美国民用宇航局)捐赠两颗多余的侦察卫星时,这种新闻或许第一眼看上去有些奇怪,其实并非如此,毕竟一直以来NASA就从侦察技术获益颇多,比如哈勃太空望远镜本质上就是侦察卫星的另一个版本,只不过把原本对着地球的镜头转向外太空而已。
The news that America’s spies had two spare satellite mirrors lying around has prompted speculation about their provenance. Both NASA and the NRO are tight-lipped about the specifics, but the new mirror assemblies have a shorter focal length than Hubble’s, allowing them to study patches of sky around 100 times larger. “It looks to me as if these are a couple of Keyhole-11 spares,” says Brian Weeden, a space analyst at the Secure World Foundation, a Colorado-based think-tank. Dr Weeden is referring to a code name for American optical spy satellites. He says that the NRO would probably have ordered spare mirrors to replace any that might have been destroyed by failed launches.
美国间谍机构有两颗闲置卫星的新闻一经报道,卫星的来源问题就引发了广泛的猜测,但NASA和NRO对细节一直守口如瓶。这两颗卫星的焦距比哈勃望远镜更短,所以其拍摄太空的视野也比哈勃大100倍左右。“在我看来这就像是锁眼-11【注1】的备份卫星” 安全世界基金会(该智库总部位于科罗拉多)的太空分析师Brian Weeden说,Weeden博士参照了美国光学侦察卫星的编号,表示NRO很可能本来准备把这两颗卫星用于替代万一发射失败而摧毁的卫星。
Although the deal has been in the works for a year, it is not yet clear what NASA plans to do with its new bits of army-surplus kit. Indeed, an official told a press conference that the agency might not have the cash to make immediate use of both mirrors. But they could nevertheless be a boon to an organisation whose budgets are being squeezed by federal tight-fistedness as well as cost overruns on the James Webb space telescope, an $8.8 billion (and counting) successor to Hubble.
尽管交易已进行一年之久,但还不清楚NASA会如何处置军方剩下的“边角料”。确实,在新闻发布会上,一位官员说NASA并没有足够的资金把两颗卫星立即投入使用,但是他们说詹姆斯-韦伯太空望远镜的预算能在拮据的联邦政府下艰难地获得通过已经是一件好事,因为这位哈勃望远镜的继任者已远超预算,达到了88亿美元(还并非最终值)。
One idea is to use one of the mirrors for the WFIRST mission, an infra-red telescope designed to investigate dark energy—the still-mysterious force thought to be behind the accelerating expansion of the universe. Using a higher-resolution NRO mirror would boost the capabilities of WFIRST, says Alan Dressler, a researcher at the Carnegie Institution for Science. It could also cut the project’s cost (its present price tag is about $1.6 billion) and shorten its development time. Advocates hope an NRO-powered WFIRST mission could launch in the early 2020s.
一个办法就是把其中一颗卫星用于广域红外线巡天望近镜(WFIRST)项目,红外线望远镜可以用来研究暗能量——这股神秘的力量被认为是宇宙膨胀的幕后推手。卡内基科学研究所的研究员Alan Dressler说,运用NRO卫星的高分辨率望远镜可以提升WFIRST的能力,也可以降低该项目的花费(红外线望远镜的当前市价为16亿美元)并缩短研制时间。该方法的拥护者希望在NRO的助力下,WFIRST能在21世纪20年代发射。
By then the mirrors would no longer be state-of-the-art, of course. Indeed, they are probably not even the last word in space-borne optics today. That the NRO felt able to give them away suggests that its spies have even better toys to play with, of the sort that astronomers would kill to get their hands on. Could this be the start of a beautiful friendship?
当然,到时候该卫星已不再是最先进的,甚至在现在也不是最新式的星载平台光学设备,NRO觉得把它们送走之后自己的间谍们就有更好的玩意来耍了,要是这样的话,估计天文学家们打死都不会接受的——这会是NRO和NASA一段美好友情的开始吗?
from the print edition | Science and technology
【注1】keyhole即美军的“锁眼”系列,如KH—11、KH—12型照相侦察卫星,在世界先进的侦察卫星中可谓是大名鼎鼎。它们曾在“海湾战争”和“科索沃战争”中立下汗马功劳,具有超强的夜视、变轨、情报获取、处理以及高分辨率等优长, K H-12侦察卫星的地面分辨率达到了0.1米。
【相关】据美国《纽约时报》此前报道,NRO一年前召集NASA官员们讨论想捐赠一些闲置的“未用硬件”。NASA在对这些“硬件”进行全面检查后发现它们都是质量相当出色的高度复杂仪器,尤其是NRO的光学仪器让天文学家们“大为震惊”,而且这些仪器所配有的技术将帮助它们胜任在轨道上工作。
NRO对NASA的捐赠引发了外界极大的好奇。一个最令人感兴趣的问题就是像NRO这样的美国间谍机构所掌握的技术到底有多么超乎想象?如果像“NRO-1”和“NRO-2”这样被美国科学界视若瑰宝的装备都已入不了NRO的法眼,试想美国谍报部门当下正使用着怎样的技术设备?
NRO的发言人洛蕾塔·德西奥表示,如今的这两台望远镜造于20世纪90年代末和21世纪初,它们所具备的光学技术使二者比哈勃空间望远镜还要强大。美国空间望远镜研究所负责人、哈勃空间望远镜的管理人员马特·芒廷把这两台仪器比作“短粗的哈勃”,“它们很明显是为对地侦查而设计的。”
NASA方面于去年8月接手上述两台仪器,自此NASA的官员们和一小队天文学家就一直在思考该如何利用它们。不过NASA的资金状况目前捉襟见肘,很难对两台望远镜实现维护和更新,预计最早的发射日期也要等到2024年。
上为“哈勃”,下为“锁眼”,的确有点像哦!
http://img13.poco.cn/mypoco/myphoto/20120611/15/652792412012061115142877THX.jpg
http://img13.poco.cn/mypoco/myphoto/20120611/15/652792412012061115143470THX.jpg
这种玩意估计不会卖给TG,而且可能“后门”很多,TG敢买吗{:soso_e113:} 他敢卖,就敢买。不卖是小狗。{:soso_e120:}当然价钱还是要谈的,地主家也没余粮啊.{:soso_e113:} 找北 发表于 2012-6-9 23:40 static/image/common/back.gif
他敢卖,就敢买。不卖是小狗。当然价钱还是要谈的,地主家也没余粮啊.
人家可是左手卖右手啊{:1_1:} 可惜NASA没钱放上天。{:soso_e120:} 我国已经发射了类似装备上天了,而且性能毫不逊色 lbxyzd2 发表于 2012-6-10 00:17 static/image/common/back.gif
我国已经发射了类似装备上天了,而且性能毫不逊色
说说看 第一张图看不了{:soso_e150:} 西伊 发表于 2012-6-11 15:02 static/image/common/back.gif
第一张图看不了
编辑了一下,看看好了吗 lbxyzd2 发表于 2012-6-10 00:17 static/image/common/back.gif
我国已经发射了类似装备上天了,而且性能毫不逊色
说看地的有可能有类似的,但是精度还有差距。说看天的,好像没听说过 越山 发表于 2012-6-11 15:17 static/image/common/back.gif
编辑了一下,看看好了吗
现在能看了。谢谢! 找北 发表于 2012-6-9 23:40 static/image/common/back.gif
他敢卖,就敢买。不卖是小狗。当然价钱还是要谈的,地主家也没余粮啊.
就是的,有什么不敢买?回来山寨一下,系统重做一个,还怕什么后门? 越山 发表于 2012-6-11 15:18 static/image/common/back.gif
说看地的有可能有类似的,但是精度还有差距。说看天的,好像没听说过
其实看天看地的都一样,只是转个身的差别。
本帖最后由 明雪积 于 2012-6-12 12:28 编辑
lbxyzd2 发表于 2012-6-10 00:17 static/image/common/back.gif
我国已经发射了类似装备上天了,而且性能毫不逊色
喂。。。。。你地什么地干活?!我看你像八路!
有啥可以泄的继续说,小板凳坐下来听。
有啥可以泄的继续说 美帝的技术底子真TN的厚{:soso_e127:}
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